API RP 1626:2010 pdf download

API RP 1626:2010 pdf download.Storing and Handling Ethanol and Gasoline-ethanol Blends at Distribution Terminals and Filling Stations.
3 Definitions and Acronyms
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.
3.1.1
alcohol
An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) bound to a carbon atom.
3.1.2
alternative fuels
Ethanol, natural gas, propane, hydrogen, biodiesel, methanol, electricity, and P-Series fuels as defined by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct). Synthetic fuels made by the Fischer-Tropsch (coal to liquid) process are also considered alternative fuels.
3.1.3
anhydrous ethanol
Neat ethanol that contains less than one percent water.
3.1.4
anhydrous denatured ethanol
Fuel ethanol. Neat ethanol with up to five volume percent hydrocarbons added as a denaturant.
3.1.5
API table
A liquid measurement table used to correct the metered volume of a blend component to the volume at a standard
temperature of 60 °F. Each component or blend of components needs a separate table.
3.1.6
base gasoline
Gasoline without ethanol, Base gasoline is sometimes called clear gasoline.
3.1.7
blendstock for oxygenated blending
BOB
Gasoline refined especially for blending with an oxygenate such as fuel ethanol to produce a gasoline-ethanol blend for commerce.
3.1.8
blend growth
The 0.1 % to 0.4 % increase in volume that occurs when gasoline and ethanol are mixed.
3.1.9
clean agent
A fire extinguishant that relies on heat absorption and chemical interaction to extinguish fires and mitigate the effects of smoke and flames. It leaves no residue or collateral damage as a result of its use and newer types are safe for use where people are present.
3.1.10
den atu rant
A hydrocarbon added to neat ethanol to make it unfit for consumption. Suitable denaturants are listed in ASTM D4806.
As with gasoline, the vapor pressure of E85 is regulated according to season and geographic region. The vapor pressure limits of E85 are established by the specifications of ASTM D5798. Vapor pressure is adjusted by varying the proportion and vapor pressure of the gasoline in the blend. Dunng warmer months when gasoline RVP is lower, it may be necessary for blenders to use a higher RVP BOB as a blend stock to raise the vapor pressure to meet the ASTM specification. Some terminals may have operations that will allow for the addition of a pressurizing agent (such as butane or pentane) to increase volatility. However, this practice may require the terminal to register as a refiner and may trigger OSHA process safety management rules. These considerations are beyond the scope of this recommended practice.
In cold areas during winter, the amount of gasoline in gasoline-ethanol blends sold as E85 may increase from 15 % up to 35 % by volume to maintain vapor pressure.
4.3 Vapor Density
Ethanol vapor is denser than air, but not as dense as gasoline vapor. If released in air, vapors can collect in low places.
4.4 Liquid Density
Neat ethanol and gasoline-ethanol blends are slightly heavier than gasoline.
4.5 Flash Point
The flash point of neat ethanol is approximately 13 °C (55 °F). The flashpoints of gasoline-ethanol blends vary greatly depending on ethanol level, denaturant and water content.
4.6 Flammability
The lower explosive limit (LEL) of neat ethanol and fuel ethanol is 3.3 % and the upper explosive limit (UEL) is 19 %. The flammability range of neat ethanol and high-blend ethanols is wider than that of gasoline.
The flammability of ethanol blends up to 10 % by volume (ElO and below) is similar to that of base gasoline, and is normally too rich to bum in a tank headspace.
The headspace in tanks containing E70 to E100 is flammable for all ambient storage temperatures.
Flammability data is lacking for Eli through E69.
4.7 Flame Visibility
Neat ethanol does not produce visible smoke and bums with a slight blue flame. Denatured ethanol produces little to no smoke and a slight orange flame may be visible. The flame of a gasoline-ethanol blend is less bright than a gasoline flame, but it is visible in daylight.
The low luminosity of ethanol flames results in lower radiant heat transfer compared to gasoline flames which provides some fire-safety advantages relative to gasoline.