API RP 2021:2001 pdf download

API RP 2021:2001 pdf download.Management of Atmospheric Storage Tank Fires.
• The incident could be contained with available resources without jeopardy to life or further jeopardy to property. (A controlled buni can be maintained while minimizing losses by operations such as pumping fuel from the tank and protecting exposures to prevent escalation.)
• Potential flame impingement or radiation on adjacent tanks may require immediate action to prevent the involvement of additional tanks. Protective cooling streams and transfer of products to safe tanks should be considered.
• The scope of the incident does not justify the risk associated with an aggressive attack. (For some incidents Isometimes referred to as plot limit incidcntsl risk considerations dictate that fire-fighting efforts should center on preventing further losses and salvaging assets until additional resources become available.)
• Management has accepted a loss control philosophy that extinguishment will not be attempted but exposures will be protected and losses minimized. (For a full surface lire this means accepting as a minimum the likelihood of loss of the entire tank and whatever product is not pumped out versus the cost of tire
suppression.)
• Mutual aid is not immediately available. A defensive strategy should be used as a holding action until planned mutual aid can provide additional resources. The strategy then shifts o an olTensive mode.
Examples of situations where a defensive strategy may be adopted include large diameter obstructed full liquid surface fires with no boilover potential. For tanks containing fuels with boilover potential, plans should be developed recognizing that potential.
An offensive strategy is an aggressive attack to attempt to extinguish the tank lire.
Au ollensive strategy should be considered in the following situations:
• If life is in imminent jeopardy, then a focused aggresshe tire suppression action should support rescue if the risks are consistent with the potential for a successful rescue and the offensive tlrefighting action is faster than rescue or evacuation.
• Probable exposure to non-involved fucilities could significantly increase hazards if they became involved.
• When adequate resources (personnel, equipment and materials) are available within an acceptable time
6.7 TANK-SPECIFIC PLANNING
6.7.1 Tank-Specific Planning—Overview
An initial survey such as described in 6.1.1 can identify tanks at the facility which may be most susceptible to fires. The type of information described in 6.4 can help identify the types of fire each tank potentially might experience. The tank-specific planning process uses this information to characterize fire suppression needs, based on the hazards associated with each tank (or group of similar tanks) and the facility fire suppression philosophy. Some facilities integrate this planning into emergency response training or assign an employee task force o perform this task.
A ponion of the needed tank-specific planning inforniation typically exists in environmental inventory databases. The “Tank-specific Pre-Incident Contingency Planning Sheet” (Figure 3b) provides an example of the types of information needed. It also serves as a guide to sections of this publication which may be helpful in completing the survey. The specific planning includes methods and fire suppression agents (foam typet needed to extinguish a tank fire. This in turn depends on the product involved (light or heay hydrocarbon. polar or reactive liquid—see 6.3.2) the construction of the tank roof (see Appendices E and F) and any special hazards which may be involved (see Appendix G). Application incthods in terms of roof construction and product types are covered in 6.7,2 through 6.7.8. Tank-specific planning should address whether more than one scenario needs to he considered. For each scenario, the planning shcct should indicate the type of foam to be used and should calculate and record the flow rate of water and total quantity of foam concentrate required fbr the application method chosen. This should be based on the minimum quantities recommended in NFPA II or alternate values chosen in the planning phase. This is a significant planning value since before foam is applied to a tank during suppression this minimum quantity should be available on-site. Assurance of deliveñ of off-site material is sometimes included, but increases the risk of running out of foam. Since the NFPA II values are “minimum” quantities, consideration should he given to a situation where more than the minimum may be required. Where necessary. the length of hose lays and access required for specific tanks should be reviewed.